White House resists calls for agency to replace FEMA
WASHINGTON — A Senate panel's proposal to abolish the Federal Emergency Management Agency after its bungled response to Hurricane Katrina was criticized Thursday by the Bush administration and some lawmakers. Michael Chertoff, who oversees FEMA as secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, said dismantling it and creating an independent agency would be like "slapping a fresh coat of paint on."
But leaders of the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee - Sen. Susan Collins, R-Maine, and Joseph Lieberman, D-Conn. - argued that Katrina revealed FEMA is too broken to be fixed. They said their proposed replacement agency would be much stronger and more effective.
"FEMA is discredited, demoralized and dysfunctional," Collins said. "It is beyond repair. Just tweaking the organizational chart will not solve the problem."
The Aug. 29 hurricane was the worst U.S. natural disaster ever, killing 1,500 people in three states and causing damage for which Congress has allocated $100 billion to fix.
Collins and Lieberman released an executive summary of conclusions and recommendations from a seven-month investigation of the Katrina response spanning 830,000 pages of documents, 320 interviews and 22 hearings. Their entire committee will review the report Tuesday.
The proposed new agency would recombine disaster preparedness and response activities, reclaim power over billions of dollars of state and local grants, gain responsibility for securing critical infrastructure, and restore an emphasis on natural as well as terrorist threats. Those functions and approaches were part of FEMA when it was a freestanding agency, but were divided up by the Bush administration when FEMA was merged into DHS.
The report criticized federal, state and local emergency responders for a variety of failures. People weren't evacuated ahead of the forecasted storm, leaving dozens to die unnecessarily in nursing homes; emergency responders couldn't relay information about dire conditions; and confusion among agencies delayed aid to the stranded, according to the report.
"The first obligation of government is to protect our people," Collins said. "In Katrina, we failed - at all levels of government - to meet that fundamental obligation."
Recommendations include:
Creating regional "strike teams" of emergency responders from all levels of government who train together to coordinate better when disasters occur.
Increasing funding to train and equip emergency responders because FEMA teams have been cut back and neglected.
Negotiating contracts for food, water, fuel distribution and housing before disaster strikes. Complaints after Katrina included the lack of food and water, combined with $400-a-night hotel rooms.
Former FEMA director Michael Brown, who resigned after Katrina, said the proposed replacement agency would basically be the same as FEMA before it lost its disaster-planning responsibilities a year ago. "It sounds like they're just re-creating the wheel and making it look like they're calling for change," he said.
Collins and Lieberman recommended abolishing FEMA and replacing it with a National Preparedness and Response Authority within DHS. The new director would report directly to the president during emergencies.
Also, the agency's budget would increase significantly to finance preparation for emergencies and the distribution of grants for local jurisdictions. But Collins and Lieberman argued that separating it entirely from DHS would lead to duplication of responsibilities and a lack of coordination.
The proposal, which would be subject to congressional approval, aims to restore the agency's independence in a way similar to how the Coast Guard and the Secret Service are treated in the department.
FEMA, which has 2,500 workers, had been an office in the president's Cabinet before being subordinated and weakened in the larger department. For example, Lieberman complained that the agency had a 15 percent staff vacancy rate for a year.
Frances Fragos Townsend, the president's homeland security assistant, said Thursday she still was reviewing the recommendations. But she urged a strengthening - not a reshuffling - of current operations and said the FEMA director should continue to report to the DHS secretary. She also said it was the wrong time to debate agency changes because hurricane season is about a month away.
"Now is not the time to really look at moving organizational boxes," Townsend told reporters aboard Air Force One on a flight to New Orleans.
Sen. Frank Lautenberg, D-N.J. and a member of Collins' committee, said FEMA should be separated from the department and restored as an independent agency in the president's Cabinet. "That's how it was done in the past, and it worked as we hoped," he said.
Despite the report's criticisms, Collins said it is "highly unlikely" that legislation could be approved before June 1. But she said she would work to do it this year.
"It does not in any way diminish our determination to make these urgently needed changes in the long run," she said.
Townsend said FEMA offices in the Gulf Coast region have been strengthened with three top officials who have a combined 100 years of experience managing large organizations and crises.
"So we are far better prepared today than we were this time last year, and we will be even better prepared by June 1," Townsend said.
Collins agreed. "We're clearly better prepared than last year," she said. "But are we prepared enough? Not if we're still operating with a flawed system."
As reported by the Washington Post and Portland Press Herald





